What is the Altitude Sickness and Prevention?

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Altitude sickness occurs when you ascend to high altitudes—typically above 2500 meters—too quickly. It includes a range of conditions like acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). AMS often starts with a headache, which appears 6–12 hours after reaching high altitude, followed by nausea, dizziness, loss of appetite, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.

HACE is a more severe condition, characterized by confusion, lack of coordination, moderate fever, and, if untreated, could lead to a coma or death. HAPE, on the other hand, begins with symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and dry cough, which later progress to difficulty breathing, rales (crackling sounds in the lungs), cough with pink foamy sputum, and anemia. Typically, HAPE emerges 2-3 days after reaching altitudes over 3000 meters.

Certain factors increase the risk of altitude sickness, such as ascending too quickly, prior experience with altitude sickness, being younger or female, having a history of migraines, and certain health conditions. Studies also suggest that smoking and a high body mass index (BMI) can increase susceptibility.

While advances in transportation have made high-altitude locations more accessible, the risk of altitude sickness has also grown due to the tendency to ascend too quickly. In regions like the Himalayas, rapid ascents have contributed to more cases of altitude sickness.

To prevent altitude sickness, it’s recommended to avoid increasing your sleeping altitude by more than 1500 meters per day and to take rest days every 3-4 days to allow your body to acclimatize. Spending a few days at intermediate altitudes before your final ascent helps your body adjust to the thin air. Try to acclimate for at least three days (or take short, easy hikes) above 8,000 feet before your final push.

It’s also important to pace yourself and avoid rushing. Research shows that younger, fitter individuals are more prone to altitude sickness because they tend to push themselves harder than others.

Hydration is key, but don’t overdo it—sip water steadily throughout the day, aiming for 2-4 liters at higher elevations. Avoid alcohol and sleeping pills, as they can worsen symptoms. If you're concerned about sleep issues, talk to your doctor about medications that may help.

Despite taking these precautions, altitude sickness can still occur. If symptoms develop, your guide will ensure you descend to lower altitudes and receive appropriate treatment. If you recover, you can continue your trek. If your condition doesn't improve, evacuation by helicopter may be necessary.